1. Cayman SPC (independent portfolio companies) Core statutory structure
Statutory Segregation of SPC Umbrella Funds
An SPC is a single legal entity,One or more separate portfolios (SPs) can be set up internally;SP itself is not an independent legal person。The company must identify each SP asset separately、Liabilities and general assets,and maintain isolation in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law。SPC is a corporate legal structure,Not an independent fund license category。
Limitations on creditor recourse
Creditors of a certain SP may not pursue the assets of other SPs。If the articles of association do not expressly prohibit,When the SP assets are insufficient,Creditors may secondly pursue SPC general assets within a limited scope in accordance with Article 221 of the Company Law;Therefore, judgment must be made based on the articles of association and specific liability arrangements.。
Personality non-separation and cross-restriction
The SPC is not separate from the internal SPs in corporate personality。Common case law states that a company cannot subscribe for its own shares,so,A Portfolio cannot invest in another Portfolio under the same SPC。
Efficient and cost-effective operations
The cost of setting up an SPC is relatively higher than that of a single fund.,But if the management team has 3 Manage more than one project simultaneously,SPCs are cheaper than separate funds。And after the SPC is established,Adding an SP is very fast,Avoid the tedious process of setting up from scratch。
2. Cayman Islands Investment Fund 4 Comparison of major statutory organizational forms
| organizational form | Legal characteristics and independent legal personality | Responsibility allocation and funding mechanism | Main applicable scenarios |
|---|---|---|---|
| exempt company (EC) | Have independent legal personality。Flexible share issuance and organizational structure (different rights for the same shares are allowed)、AB shares)。 | Shareholders have limited liability limited to the amount of their capital contribution。 | Regulated funds are most commonly used;Overseas financing and listing entities of Chinese-funded enterprises。 |
| independent portfolio companies (SPC) | Have independent legal personality。Each sub-fund (SP) Assets and liabilities are segregated from each other,But not separated from the main SPC personality。 | Debts of each SP can only be repaid by the assets of that SP,Creditors have no recourse against other SPs。 | Umbrella Fund、multi-level hedge funds、exclusive insurance (PICs)。 |
| exempted limited partnership (ELP) | No independent legal personality。All deeds must be signed by the general partner (GP) On behalf of ELP implementation。 | GP has unlimited liability;limited partner (LP) Limited liability limited to the amount of capital subscribed。 | private equity funds (PE) and venture capital (VC) Commonly used。 |
| limited liability company (LLC) | Have independent legal personality。Integrating the best of EC and ELP,Internal governance mechanisms are extremely autonomous。 | Members are protected by limited liability implied by law。The form of investment can be cash、property and even services。 | Benchmarking with Delaware LLC,Matching offshore and onshore fund structures。 |
3. The statutory definition and 3 Major regulatory categories
mutual fund definition:Refers to pooling investor funds to spread risks,and a vehicle that issues equity shares “that can be redeemed or repurchased by investors”。Closed-end funds (such as PE funds,Investors have no right to redeem) In principle, this law does not apply。
Limited Investor Fund:No more than 15 investors and a majority of investors can appoint or remove the manager、and is not a mutual fund of funds of funds,The current Mutual Funds Act still requires registration with CIMA、Submit required information and pay annual fee;Can no longer be stated as fully exempt。
Register a mutual fund (Registered Mutual Fund):The minimum total interest that can be purchased by each potential investor is Caymanian dollars 80,000 (usually equivalent to US$100,000),or its interests are listed on a CIMA recognized exchange;This threshold is not uniformly applicable to all SPCs or SPs。Funds must register with CIMA in accordance with the rules and submit required information and fees.。
managed mutual funds (Administrated):Suitable for unreachable 10 “Retail Fund” with a threshold of 10,000 US dollars。No license required,But must be provided by a Cayman licensed administrator with a head office located in Cayman,and perform supervision and violation reporting obligations.。
licensed mutual funds (Licensed Mutual Fund):Minimum quantity、The most stringent supervision。Funds that cannot meet the above registration requirements and do not intend to hire a licensed administrator,Need to apply for a mutual fund license,and has its own registered office in Cayman。
4. [Statutory application process] for establishing a Cayman investment fund
step 1:Establishing the structure and establishing the main entity
Selected EC、SPC、ELP or LLC form。Cayman Co., Ltd. to establish the fund entity and Cayman Co., Ltd. (GP Co.) as the manager。Submit the Memorandum of Association (MA) and Articles of Association (AOA) of the company。
step 2:Drafting core fund and offering documents
Drafting Private Placement Memorandum (PPM)、Fund Term Sheet (TS)、Subscription Agreement/Subscription Book、Investment Management Agreement。The ELP also needs to draft an exempted limited partnership agreement (LPA)。
step 3:Appoint compliance team and anti-money laundering (AML) person in charge
According to Cayman’s Anti-Money Laundering Law,Reporting Officer must be appointed、Deputy Reporting Officer 及 Compliance Officer。Sign the agreement between the auditor and the fund administrator at the same time。
step 4:CIMA Director Registration and SIBL Filing
If a manager or other service entity conducts securities investment business in Cayman,Whether you need to be licensed or registered as a Registered Person should be determined based on the current SIBL;The old Excluded Person system should not continue to be used。Director registration is only available to directors of regulated entities covered by the Directors Registration and Licensing Act,Not applicable to all GP companies。
step 5:Submit to Cayman Monetary Authority (CIMA) Form filing
Submit applicable forms to CIMA by fund category、issuance documents、Auditor's consent letter and other required information。Actual time depends on data completeness、CIMA inquiry、Service provider appointment and bank due diligence;There is no official commitment to a unified cycle of 5 to 7 weeks including bank account opening.。
5. CIMA Continuous Compliance Audit and the Red Line of the Economic Substance Law
CIMA Annual Audit Requirements:Fund accounts must be audited annually by an auditor approved by the Cayman Monetary Authority,and end of the financial year 6 Submit to CIMA within 3 months for filing (along with FAR form)。
Private equity funds must establish valuations、Asset custody or ownership verification and cash monitoring arrangements。Relevant functions when meeting independence and conflict of interest governance requirements,may be managed by the administrator、The operator or other appropriate entity shall be responsible for,It is not always mandatory to hire an independent administrator or custodian.。
The impact of economic substance law:Investment funds are generally not related entities,But whether a Cayman management entity carries out "fund management business" and what economic substance it must meet,should be based on its actual activities、Judgment of tax residence status and applicable regulations;personnel、Space and expense requirements are not a set template for all GP firms。
FATCA and CRS automatic tax exchange:Most Cayman funds are “reporting financial organizations”,Must register with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (FATCA),and declare investor tax-related information through TIA’s AEOI system。
6. Civil claims and criminal liability for misrepresentation in offer documents
civil liability:Any share subscription that relies on any misrepresentation in the offer document (including unintentional、negligent or fraudulent),Subscribers have the right to cancel the placement contract。Fund company、director、Professionals and securities issuers who publish fraudulent reports may be defendants。
criminal offense (Criminal Law Article 257 strip):as an officer (or purported officer) of the company,Intent to defraud shareholders or creditors,Publication is misleading on important matters、false statements or accounts,It is an offense,Can be sentenced 7 years in prison。
Anti-money laundering joint liability (Proceeds of Crime Act):If you know or have reasonable grounds to suspect that any property is the proceeds of a crime,to conceal or transform,or failure to disclose to a financial reporting unit,The maximum penalty is fine and imprisonment 14 Year。
7. Hong Kong Huitong's one-stop Cayman fund and SPC structure construction service
Establishment of fund entities and organizational structure
Accurately built for youCayman Exempted Company (EC)、Separate investment portfolio(SPC)、limited partnership(ELP)or LLC structure。Complete company registration on your behalf (RO) Registration and legal address establishment。
Drafting issuance and full set of compliance documents
Drafting private placement memorandum(PPM)、limited partnership agreement(LPA)、Subscription book and internalInternational Financial Action Task Force (FATF) anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing information(AML)manual。Appointment of Cayman Compliance Officer (AMLCO) and Anti-Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO)。
CIMA Registration and Continuous Audit Services
Fully authorized to represent you to Cayman Monetary Authority (CIMA):investment fund Submit fund registration,Apply for SIBL exempt person declaration。Connect Cayman’s local licensed auditors and administrators,Ensure compliance with CIMA’s cash flow monitoring and annual FAR audit filing requirements。
8. Core Q&A on Cayman Fund Establishment and SPC License (FAQ)
Cayman has mature funds laws、Corporate and limited partnership structures and professional service systems。Specific tax treatment、Registration speed and ongoing costs depend on the fund、Tax residency and business arrangements of investors and managers;This page does not use expressions of market share or asset size that are not supported by current official statistics.。
An SPC is a special type of Cayman exempted company。An SPC can set up multiple independent investment portfolios (SP)。The most significant advantage is "asset and liability segregation":Creditors of a certain SP may not pursue the assets of other SPs;If the articles of association do not expressly prohibit it and the SP assets are insufficient,Creditors may secondly pursue SPC general assets within a limited scope in accordance with Article 221 of the Company Law。
The Company Registry fees of SPC and each SP and CIMA fund or sub-fund fees are two sets of fees.,should be calculated separately。According to 2026 CIMA fee schedule,Mutual funds charge an additional Cayman 750 per sub-fund.,Private equity funds SPC charges an additional 525 Cayman dollars per SP.;The additional annual SP fee at the company registry level is calculated according to the fee schedule of the Companies Act.。Fees will be adjusted,Please check the latest form before submitting。
Mutual funds refer to pooling investors' funds to spread risk,A company that issues equity shares "that can be redeemed or repurchased by investors"、trust or partnership。therefore,Closed-end private equity investment funds (PE funds) where investors do not have the right to redeem are generally not regulated by this law.。
The minimum subscription amount for investors must reach 10 Thousands of U.S. dollars (or equivalent in other currencies);Or the equity shares of the fund are listed for trading on a stock exchange designated by CIMA.。
No more than 15 investors and a majority of investors can appoint or remove the manager、and is not a mutual fund of funds of funds,Belongs to a limited investor fund;The current Mutual Funds Act still requires registration with CIMA、Submit required information and pay annual fee。
Cayman’s Economic Substance Law requires entities to have substantial local operations。Although "investment funds" are specifically exempted,However, if the fund manager (such as a GP company) engages in "fund management" activities and receives separate remuneration,You must meet economic substance requirements (you need to have full-time employees and office space in Cayman)。
The administrator is located in Hong Kong、Singapore or other areas,Does not automatically exempt Cayman from SIBL、economic substance、Tax residency and cross-border regulatory analysis。Should be managed according to actual location、Service objects、Charging arrangements and local license scope will be determined on a case-by-case basis,Architectural design should not be described as “getting around” regulation。
To carry out securities investment business in Cayman, one must follow SIBL to determine whether a license is required or can be registered as a Registered Person.。The old Excluded Person system has been replaced by the Registered Person system;Eligibility depends on actual business and statutory conditions,You cannot choose to exempt yourself due to cost reasons。
Private equity funds must establish valuations、Asset custody or ownership verification、Cash monitoring and annual audit arrangements。Relevant functions when meeting independence and conflict of interest governance requirements,may be managed by the administrator、The operator or other appropriate entity shall be responsible for;Auditors must be accredited by CIMA,However, it should not be expressed in terms of a fixed number of auditors。
GP must be a Cayman resident、Cayman registered company or foreign company、or Cayman ELP。It has unlimited liability for the debts of the partnership;And limited partners (LP) Limited liability only to the amount of capital subscribed,And LP cannot participate in daily management of business。
Funds must comply with Cayman 2017 Anti-Money Laundering Regulations。An Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer (AMLCO) must be appointed in writing、Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO) and Deputy Reporting Officer (DMLRO),Perform strict KYC due diligence on all investors。
The vast majority of Cayman funds are “reporting financial organizations”,Requires registration with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (FATCA),And submit the investor’s tax-related information (CRS declaration) through the AEOI system of the Cayman Tax Information Authority (TIA)。
A statement (setting out the asset transfer plan) must be filed with the Registrar by at least two directors;Pass a special shareholder resolution;Requires written consent from all creditors,or give full notice to all creditors and obtain the consent of at least 95% of the value of the claims;Adequate notice includes written notice to anyone whose debt exceeds Caymanian dollars 1,000。A special resolution must be passed,Regulated companies also require CIMA’s written consent。
There is no official commitment from the entity to establish、CIMA registration and bank account opening can be completed in 5 to 7 weeks。Actual time depends on data completeness、Fund category、CIMA inquiry、Service provider appointment and bank due diligence,The final registration and account opening results are determined by the competent authority and the bank respectively.。
9. Relevant regulations、Regulatory information and further reading
| Data category | Related information |
|---|---|
| Professional interpretation | |
| Legislation and regulatory guidance | |
| Licensing and regulatory authorities | |
| Related licenses |